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How do you target therapy before the EEG is connected in a patient who comes to the ED in super refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus once the convulsions resolve?

If the patient is in burst-suppression once EEG is connected, how long do you keep patient in burst-suppression before weaning sedation?
1 Answer
Mednet Member
Neurology · Nuvance Health
Answered on · Updated on

I infer from the context of your follow-up question that the patient was most likely intubated and started on an appropriate sedative drip.

I have typically seen burst-suppression maintained for 48 hours, longer if the patient had failed such a duration in the past.

Typically targeted therapy will initially depend upon the patient's underlying cause, outpatient regimen, and enteral access. IV agents are usually preferred initially, including VPA, levetiracetam and lacosamide. I will usually hold fosphenytoin and phenobarbital as backups. Outpatient PO agents that have been well tolerated can be resumed as long as there is enteral access and no obvious metabolic contraindications - this may include lamotrigine, carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine, topiramate, clobazam, perampanel, etc. This can be challenging for any agent that cannot be crushed, like cenobamate. If additional enteral agents are needed, usually I would go for clobazam or possibly perampanel - generally selecting agents that have no mechanism overlap with the prior outpatient regimen. Some will add on narrow-spectrum (i.e. focal-only) agents like oxcarbazepine or pregabalin, though the concerns about exacerbating generalized seizures should probably be heeded.

Of course, if we are considering situations like NORSE/FIRES, a trial of corticosteroids, IVIG or PLEX is reasonable in addition to what I've listed. Induction of ketosis has also been studied as an option, though I have never personally done this.