What biomarkers have you found useful to track in patients with MS?

A biomarker is an objectively measurable characteristic that reflects a biological process, disease state, or response to treatment. In MS, biomarkers are most useful when tied to the clinical question being asked - diagnosis, disease monitoring, or treatment monitoring - and can include clinical me...

In addition to imaging (which is not done routinely in patients after 1-2 years of initiating therapy and an established response), we do regular serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) measurements at every visit and strive for at least biannual sampling. Once a baseline value is established for eac...

There are several clinically useful biomarkers in body fluids. For diagnostic purposes, I suggest analyzing oligoclonal IgG bands and the kappa free light chain (KFLC) index; if differential diagnoses such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-assoc...