Nephrology
Clinical discussions on kidney disease management, dialysis, transplantation, and electrolyte disorders.
Recent Discussions
How do you adjust the loading and maintenance doses for Keppra when treating status epilepticus in patients with ESRD, patients on HD, or patients on CVVH?
Ideally, if you have a patient with status epilepticus and known ESRD, then Keppra may not be an ideal first option. You should be reaching for your other status anti-seizure meds that aren’t exclusively renally excreted and are readily available in most hospitals; Depakote (40 mg/kg loading dose) o...
How do you counsel patients who experience diarrhea from mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)?
I have them stop the drug, and when their bowels are back to normal (usually just a couple of days), I resume with 1 tablet bid of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept), then a few days later go up to 1 tab tid, a few days later 2 tabs bid... etc. I instruct them to go down to the most recent dose ...
How would you approach management of a patient with ESRD on the transplant list who is found to have high titer APS labs (ACL, B2GP1, LAC)?
This is an excellent but rather complex question. Management of patients with ESRD on the transplant list who are found to have high titer APS labs (ACL, B2GP1, LAC) depend on the renal histology, underlying autoimmune disease history, and comorbidities. Patients with thrombotic manifestations resul...
What adjustments do you make to a hemodialysis prescription for a patient with a recent stroke?
There are multiple considerations in the setting of a CVA in a patient requiring hemodialysis. One is addressing potentially high intracerebral pressure (ICP). A slow reduction in BUN to avoid osmotic-related brain cell swelling and an associated rise in ICP may be addressed in a variety of ways. Lo...
What are your management strategies for patients with end stage kidney disease on hemodialysis who develop hypercalcemia of immobility?
I have seen this situation from time to time. First, I would make sure the patient is not getting any calcium or vitamin D-containing products. Then would try to use a lower calcium bath. Unfortunately, many units are unable to lower the calcium bath below 2.0 mEq/L currently and a lot of time that ...
Do you favor Sotagliflozin over SGLT2i alone for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease?
The use of Sotagliflozin rather than SGLT2i alone is reasonable based on the results of the SCORED trial (Aggarwal et al., PMID 39961315). Although this trial compared sotagliflozin to placebo, rather than to SGLT2i, it did show a reduction in both MI and stroke in patients who have type 2 diabetes ...
In which patients with MGUS do you recommend a kidney biopsy to evaluate for MGRS?
If a patient has unexplained renal disease, and this could be interstitial or glomerular, and an MGUS, I strongly consider it. I typically try to get heme to do a bone marrow biopsy first because their findings may obviate a renal biopsy if they find something (although sometimes they may find low-g...
Do you prioritize adding a GLP-1 receptor agonist over an SGLT-2 inhibitor in patients with CKD related to type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled proteinuria despite being on an ACEi, and obesity?
My habit to date has been to use an SGLT-2 inhibitor first. I refer patients to PCPs or others for GLP-1 treatment for obesity, even if they have CKD.
How does contralateral suppression of more than 50% with cosyntropin during adrenal venous sampling influence your decision to recommend adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism?
Most but not all studies support it as a secondary criterion, and ratios <1 and 0.5 compared to the periphery have been suggested. There have been rare cases where I have used it as the sole criterion where the contralateral adrenal vein could not be successfully catheterized (usually in conjunction...
What is your PTH target for patients with ESKD and brown tumor?
Great question. I would definitely shoot for a lower goal. May be 150-300. I am looking forward to see what our bone experts suggest.