Urology
Expert guidance on urologic oncology, stone disease, BPH management, incontinence, and minimally invasive surgical approaches.
Recent Discussions
Do you avoid losartan in patients with hypertension and uric acid nephrolithiasis due to the drugs uricosuric effects?
This is an important question. I continue to use losartan or other uricosuric drugs in uric acid stone formers. Control/prevention of uric acid stone formation is primarily related to raising urine pH to 6.5 (at least above 6), since uric acid solubility is so strongly dependent on pH. Any minor inc...
Would you wait a period of time before collecting a 24 hour urine stone risk study in a patient with nephrolithiasis who recently underwent a urologic stone removal procedure?
I generally recommend waiting until the patient is back to steady state, stents are out, pain controlled, and they are back to their usual diet. This time period after urologic procedure varies depending on what the procedure is and if any post-procedure complications and their management.
How do you manage drug-drug interactions between oral anticoagulants and the ARSI agents such as apalutamide and enzalutamide?
Commonly used oral anticoagulants, such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin are substrates of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP). Co-administration of an AR signaling inhibitor (ARSI) variably affects the concentration of those drugs depending on the effect on the type of CYP enzymes. For exam...
Will you now recommend enfortumab and pembrolizumab for most patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, regardless of platinum eligibility, based on the EV 302 presentation at ESMO 2023?
The data presented at ESMO were paradigm-shifting. Within the constraints of insurance coverage, I will offer EVP to all patients with untreated metastatic urothelial cancer who are otherwise candidates for this therapy.
How do you manage vitamin D dosing in patients with nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria who require supplemental vitamin D for treating other medical conditions?
This is a common treatment for osteopenia/osteoporosis. For calcium stone formers, I watch for hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria. If present, I reduce the dose of calcium and/or vitamin-D until their urinary parameters normalize. Otherwise, I think they can take these medications safely in standar...
What are some measures to prevent flares of loin pain-hematuria syndrome?
Loin pain hematuria syndrome is a difficult problem because there are multiple potential causes that require individual solutions. For example, nutcracker syndrome requires decompression of the left renal vein. Recurrent kidney stones require the expertise of a urologist skilled in ureteroscopic or ...
What is your approach to treating genital lichen sclerosus that is not responding to super-potent topical steroids?
Biopsy is the next step if it was never done to rule out SCC or another alternative process since clobetasol typically works in these cases. Traditionally, methotrexate has been a standard treatment. However, more recently, I've started using Rinvoq off-label with great efficacy.
What is the optimal sequence of available therapies in patients with BRCA+/HRR mCRPC after progression on first line combinations?
We have data that chemotherapy is generally superior to next-line ARSI. However, we are still lacking definitive data on sequencing chemotherapy and PARPi. Based on my clinical experience and what can try to learn from studies regarding the toxicities of chemotherapy and PARPi, I believe that PARPi ...
Are there any instances when you use vitamin B6 to prevent kidney stones in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis who do not have primary hyperoxaluria?
I occasionally try empirical vitamin B6 in patients with hyperoxaluria that does not respond to usual dietary oxalate restriction plus low fat and higher calcium. I have not done it systematically and have only a handful of cases where it may have helped. Thus, I would not recommend routinely adding...
What is your approach to managing patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis who have 24 hour urine chemistry results that demonstrate low risk for stone formation but continue to experience stone events?
My first question is what constitutes a "kidney stone event"? If it is a stone passage, l know of no treatment that will "glue" pre-existing stones in place. Uric acid and cystine stones can be dissolved, however. If the event is the formation of new stones or the growth of preexisting stones with n...