Can long-standing or previously treated sarcoidosis manifest as progressive airway stenosis with extensive circumferential calcification without active mucosal nodularity on bronchoscopy?

In general, endobronchial stenosis in sarcoidosis is uncommon but can occur at any Scadding stage of the disease. Calcification around the stenotic bronchus occurs in longer-standing disease and usually accompanies distal fibrocystic disease. Endobronchial biopsies show granulomatous involvement at any stage, with a roughly decreasing frequency of positive biopsies as the pulmonary sarcoidosis stage increases. Individuals with bronchial sarcoidosis and stenosis may present with wheezing, cough, or dyspnea. Complications include post-obstructive infection. Interventional bronchoscopy to assess stenosis may lead to balloon dilation or stent placement, accompanied by systemic immunologic therapy on a case-by-case basis. Topical mitomycin C has...