I agree with Dr. @Vasileios Kyttaris that pulmonary arterial hypertension in SLE is infrequent. In the October issue of arthritis and rheumatology, the prevalence was 2.54% in a cohort of Chinese patients. Management requires distinguishing amongst the 5 WHO groups of PAH, which in lupus includes th...

PAH is a rare manifestation in SLE. In our cohort, approximately 1.5% of SLE patients have been diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension. Half had interstitial lung disease and half were diagnosed as primary pulmonary hypertension. The therapeutic approach has been to address with immune suppressives t...