How do you diagnose and manage suspected opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction?

Patients with opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction have symptoms of most often, chest pain or dysphagia, with manometric findings of EGJ outflow obstruction, type 3 achalasia, or esophageal spasm/hypercontractile/jackhammer esophagus. When manometry suggests EGJOO or type 3 achalasia, in our practi...

HRM or Flip to diagnose EGOO then review need for opioids and alternatives.