In patients with suspected disorders of gut-brain interaction, at what point do you consider evaluating for carbohydrate malabsorption syndromes, and which test do you get?

My approach is based in part on the North American Consensus on breath testing. This is affirmed by other international consensus statements as well. It is important to first rule out microbial overgrowth with a lactulose breath test before doing carbohydrate malabsorption breath testing. If microbi...