Is there any evidence to support further uptitration of dobutamine beyond 5 mcg/kg/min for patients with advanced HF and/or cardiogenic shock, or should further investigation into potential MCS be considered at that point?

When a patient with acutely decompensated heart failure and shock is exhibiting insufficient perfusion in spite of a given level of support, whether pharmacologic or mechanical, it is appropriate to pause and ask why. Options at this point could include an escalation of inotropic therapy (dose escal...