What is your approach for testing speech in bilingual patients undergoing an awake craniotomy for glioma resection?

In a bilingual patient, it is important to assess the patient's language function in both languages. This would include pre-operative non-invasive functional mapping as well as intra-operative awake mapping. Areas of language function and connectivity are less discrete than sensory and motor functio...

For bilingual patients, we try to test speech in both languages that the patient is fluent in. If needed, we use a translator to act as an intermediary between the patient and the awake testing team. Of course, if someone on the awake testing team is fluent in the patient's native language, then thi...