What precautions need to be taken to ensure the successful maturation and long-term functionality of an endovascular arteriovenous fistula?

A broad topic - I'll attempt to hit the main points.

Considering many fistulas do not mature (forearm fistula > upper arm) - Successful maturation starts with vein preservation (avoiding PICC lines, IV lines, and marking the chosen limb with a bracelet); choosing an appropriate artery (non-calcified) and vein (? > 2.5 mm diameter) for fistula creation.

After creation of fistula, one could do arm curl exercises to promote blood flow and maturation; avoid constricting clothes, blood draws, and BP measurements in that arm.

If the fistula is not ready for use by 6 weeks, a fistulogram is recommended to evaluate for stenoses and/or side branches.

Fistulas continue to remodel over time - access flows could increase, fistulas could become aneurysm...