What strategies do you use to manage refractory cystoid macular edema in uveitis patients who have already received ocular steroids and systemic immunosuppression?  

For this clinical situation, especially if the CME is bilateral, systemic peg-interferon alpha is an excellent option. Commence with peg-interferon 180 mcg injected subcutaneously weekly. Check baseline CBC/diff and complete metabolic panel prior to starting treatment and at least weekly initially (...