Which patients are good candidates for transcranial electrical stimulation for the treatment of chronic insomnia?

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of insomnia in randomized clinical trials, although evidence supporting its long-term effectiveness remains limited. Studies have reported improvements in both subjectiv...

There are a couple of studies conducted by manufacturers of these devices showing modest benefit but most independent, well-conducted trials do not show any benefit (Lee et al., PMID 40239389.)