With the recent FDA approval of nipocalimab and the emerging LUMINA 2 data for rilzabrutinib, what is your approach to wAIHA refractory to or relapsed after steroids and rituximab?

Probably because of its rarity (1–3 new cases per 100,000 people), we often joke that there are more treatments at our disposal for the management of wAIHA than the number of cases any hematologist sees on an annual basis—or even during their lifetime. A partial list includes typical first-line treatments (steroids, rituximab, ESA), followed by second-line and subsequent therapies such as splenectomy; SYK inhibitors (e.g., fostamatinib, sovleplenib); immunosuppressive agents (e.g., cyclosporine, sirolimus); chemotherapy (e.g., the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide and the purine analog azathioprine); androgens (e.g., danazol); and agents such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the monoclonal antibodies anti-CD38 daratumumab and anti...