Are there any serum markers that can be used to measure disease response to multiple sclerosis therapies?

sNfL/pNfL (neurofilament chain) is the most validated serum biomarker for MS disease activity and treatment response, but it is still not used as standard-of-care routine monitoring. It has several limitations, including nonspecificity as it can be elevated in cases of recent stroke/TIA, trauma, sei...

sNfL, though not specific to MS, in someone with no other confounders, is the only positive biomarker to demonstrate treatment response. All approved DMTs have been shown to reduce sNfL levels, providing positive feedback of a biological response. Once stable, any substantial increase should signal ...