Endocrinology
Physician discussions on diabetes management, thyroid disorders, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic conditions.
Recent Discussions
Do you avoid the use of GLP-1 R agonist therapy for treatment of obesity in patients with known gastroparesis?
Short answer: yes. Gastroparesis is a well-known side effect of GLP-1 RA therapy. It is dose-dependent, so some patients may tolerate smaller doses but not the highest ones. A recent head-to-head trial of semaglutide vs tirzepatide in obesity (Aronne et al., PMID 40353578) found similar rates of gas...
Would you start a GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with remote family history of medullary thyroid cancer without genetic testing?
No, I would not start a GLP-1 RA in a patient with a family history of MTC. What do you even mean by remote?
Do you routinely check morning cortisol before discharging a patient who received more than 3 days of high-dose corticosteroids during a hospitalization for an acute illness?
No. In general, persistent HPA suppression does not occur when a single steroid treatment is shorter than 2 weeks.
Can cinacalcet be used in primary hyperparathyroidism to determine if mild/moderate hypercalcemia is responsible for non-specific complaints?
Cinacalcet is primarily used in patients with hyperparathyroidism who are less-than-optimal surgical candidates. However, it is effective in about 80% of patients with hyperparathyroidism to normalize their serum calcium and reduce their PTH levels. The main issue with using cinacalcet for the deter...
Is anabolic therapy for treatment of severe osteoporosis less effective when not taken continuously for the 12 to 24 month duration of therapy?
I have had experience with Forteo. When it was first introduced and was very expensive and not always covered by insurance, I would use it intermittently with good success. In some cases, I would use it twice a week and follow the bone remodeling markers, which were a good indicator of its effective...
In middle-aged adults with TSH 5–10 mIU/L and no symptoms, would you start levothyroxine or monitor, and does your threshold change with cardiovascular risk factors?
In a middle-aged patient with a TSH between 5-10 and no symptoms, I would initially monitor their thyroid levels. I would consider checking a TPO antibody titer; if positive, the rate of transition to overt hypothyroidism is greater. I would also screen for other medical issues that could be impacte...
How do you counsel patients on ways to boost their HDL cholesterol levels while on lipid lowering therapy?
I don't set high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol goals for my patients per se, nor do I spend a lot of time counseling them on ways to boost their HDL. Having said that, I recommend a heart-healthy dietary pattern and increased physical activity as ways to improve their overall health, which w...
Do you routinely recommend delaying dental extractions in patients who have recently received intravenous bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis treatment?
I don't because the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is very low.
When do you consider scheduled or more frequent POC blood glucose checks in hospitalized patients who are either not eating or otherwise at high risk for hypoglycemia?
Standard q6h (before meals + bedtime) monitoring is insufficient for patients who are NPO or at high risk for hypoglycemia. Evidence supports more frequent or scheduled monitoring in the following scenarios: 1. NPO/not eating Every 4–6 hours is recommended for NPO patients on basal insulin alone (E...
What patient factors are most important when considering who needs a broader workup for osteoporosis prior to starting therapy?
A workup to rule out secondary causes must be done prior to starting therapy for osteoporosis. A good history and exam are recommended to look for any clues for modifiable factors. At a minimum, one should do CMP, 25-OH vitamin D, TSH, and a 24-hour urinary calcium or calcium/creatinine ratio should...