Pulmonology
Physician discussions on respiratory conditions, critical care, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary procedures.
Recent Discussions
How would you manage an intermediate-risk segmental PE that is transiently provoked after a knee surgery?
Segmental suggests small PE and prob intermediate-low risk. But still look at vitals, RV/LV ratio, and clot burden. Again, clot sounds small (no lobar, main PA or saddle, but look for contrast-reflux into IVC/liver. Try to look at RV FUNCTION by echo if possible, and echo also allows ruling out a cl...
Do you seek pathologic confirmation before proceeding with empiric immunosuppressive therapy in symptomatic patients with radiographic NSIP?
In general, getting lung biopsies is needed in a minority of people who have clear evidence of NSIP on HRCT. If there is any evidence to suggest a concomitant ARD, a biopsy will not typically be needed. In our combined ILD-Rheumatology clinic, we see these patients all the time and I can think of on...
Would you stop Dupixent in an asthma patient who has good asthma control and notes improvement in loss of smell, but shows notable eosinophil elevation after 4-5 doses of the medication?
Transient eosinophilia has been reported in patients treated with Dupixent, likely related to downregulation of eotaxin and adhesion molecules resulting in impaired eosinophil migration into the tissues (Castro et al., PMID 29782217, Olaguibel et al., PMID 35522053). This phenomenon is typically see...
What is your approach to treating recurrent organizing pneumonia in patients with side effects from steroids?
The first approach is trying lower dose steroids. More is not necessarily better in many cases. If this strategy is ineffective in attenuating symptoms and making any radiographic changes, then one may consider mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), which is increasingly used as the preferred glucocorticoid-s...
What are your vaccine recommendations while patients are on biologics?
Live vaccines are best completed at least a month before initiation of biologics when these are appropriate (e.g., MMR, chickenpox, yellow fever). The data on non-live vaccines is limited. I personally think that some degree of protection is better than none. I will not interrupt biological therapy ...
How do you taper dopamine agonists for RLS in patients experiencing augmentation?
Slowly. Abrupt withdrawal from agonists can cause mood dysregulation (dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome) and in RLS patients, would likely exacerbate RLS symptoms.Adding gabapentin to the regimen prior to slow withdrawal of the agonist would probably help avoid worsening RLS symptoms during this ...
Has the FROSTBITE-2 trial changed how you choose between cryoprobe and forceps for transbronchial biopsy in your practice?
FROSTBITE - 2 trial suggested that cryobiopsy was associated with a high diagnostic yield and a satisfactory safety profile. Overall, cryobiopsy using the 1.1 mm cryoprobe for nodules, ILD, and post-transplant biopsy would be my first choice.
How do you manage resistant infections that persist after stopping antibiotic therapy in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis?
In patients with non-CF bronchiectasis who continue to have infections after completing antibiotics, I first obtain repeat sputum cultures to identify the organism and check for any resistance patterns. I also review adherence to airway clearance techniques, as inadequate mucus clearance often contr...
Does your working phenotype for ‘new PAH after LT’ (occult POPH vs PAH unmasked after HPS resolution vs distinct post-LT vasculopathy) change what you actually do—specifically, who you screen more aggressively and when you initiate PAH therapy?
In pre-liver transplant patients with known hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), we do pay greater post-transplant attention to those considered to have "large intrapulmonary shunts," marked lung-brain uptake with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (⁹⁹ᵐTc-MAA) scanning (>30%) or poor response to 100%...
Do you routinely discontinue atypical coverage in community-acquired pneumonia when PCR testing (i.e., respiratory pathogen panel) is negative for atypical organisms?
In community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), here is how I approach the decision to discontinue atypical coverage (e.g., azithromycin or doxycycline) when respiratory pathogen panel PCR testing is negative for atypical organisms (most commonly, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneum...