Vascular imaging is particularly helpful in patients with large vessel giant cell arteritis. This patient subset may present with persistent constitutional symptoms, refractory polymyalgia rheumatica, fever of unknown origin, or with vascular signs/symptoms (for example arm claudication). These pati...

Ultrasound of the temporal arteries can be performed in conjunction with an assessment of the facial arteries, carotid arteries, subclavian arteries, axillary arteries, and abdominal aorta to improve the diagnostic yield and allow for screening of cranial involvement as well as large artery involvem...