Generally, patients with advanced portal vein thrombosis (PVT) are excluded from studies, generally because it can impact the patient’s other hepatic indices. Extensive thrombosis may jeopardize blood flow in the liver, cause elevated bilirubin, reduced albumin, and increased ascites, i.e. lea...

PVT is commonly seen in patients with HCC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Current guidelines include TKI therapy for patients with PVT who are typically Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage C and candidates for systemic treatment as well as immunotherapy. Given the overall good tolerability ...