How would you approach evaluation of a patient with persistent elevated ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) level without evidence of cutaneous, ocular, or pulmonary granulomatous disease?

An ACE level was previously commonly used in sarcoidosis, often as a diagnostic tool. However, due to its low specificity, it has fallen out of favor. In cases where an ACE is elevated but an evaluation for sarcoidosis has turned up negative, consider other causes for an elevated ACE.

Any disease th...