In healthy living liver donors with a persistent postoperative bile leak, what leak- and patient- specific thresholds (e.g., drain output trend, biloma size, systemic inflammatory signs, duct anatomy) push you to early ERCP rather than continued percutaneous drainage and observation?

Typically, a bile leak would be noted because there are some objective findings which prompt an abdominal imaging study, i.e., fever, pain, rising liver chemistry tests, bilious output in Jackson-Pratt drains. A collection suspicious for a bile leak should be drained in order to avoid infection. Cut...