In patients with ascites, how do you decide when carvedilol/NSBBs are still within a safe-and-effective “window”, and which specific thresholds make you hold or discontinue therapy?

I would direct readers to our accompanying editorial that was published along with this paper. Some methodological concerns with this trial including lacking of etiology of liver disease and an open-label design. We know that patients with alcohol associated liver disease can have recompensation with ascites resolution with alcohol abstinence, and this may have influenced the results more than carvedilol.

Boike et al., PMID 41042121