What are your management strategies for patients with bradycardia post-kidney biopsy who received lidocaine for local anesthesia?

In the management of patients with bradycardia post-kidney biopsy who received lidocaine for local anesthesia, one must distinguish between vasovagal reaction and Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST). Vasovagal reaction is typically characterized by bradycardia with hypotension, lightheadedness...