What is a reasonable surveillance strategy in terms of preferred imaging modality and frequency of monitoring for suspected AV bioprosthetic stenosis in patients status post SAVR?

Echocardiography is the best way to monitor the valve. Obtain baseline images in the first year after implantation. If baseline function is normal and access to care is good, it is not necessary to image every year in the first 5-7 years. The exception to this would be young individuals in whom the ...