What is your approach to follow up after embolization of pulmonary AVM in patients with HHT?  

After closure of all PAVMs with feeding artery >2-3 mm diameter, I check a contrast echo (TCE) and CTA chest about 6 months later to assure that the AVM are still closed. Right-to-left shunt on TCE can be graded 0-3 using the system of Mager and colleagues. On CTA you are looking to see if all PA...

3 months post-embolization, we repeat a CT scan. If 3 months is good, the next scan will be in 2-3 years (depending on size and number of other PAVMs). Then every 3-5 years thereafter.