When do you consider pembrolizumab for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) treatment remains a big challenge; the different etiologies leading to PML (HIV, malignancy, primary immunocompromise, iatrogenic, etc.) play a role in the heterogeneity of approach and outcomes. It's helpful to think of potential treatments based on the mechanism as following:

1. Restoring the host JC-specific cellular immune response:
   • HIV-Associated PML: by adding antiretroviral therapy (ART)
   • Non-HIV Immunosuppressed Patients: Stop/optimize immun...