Which patients with DCIS can be observed following lumpectomy?

Based on ECOG and RTOG data, patients with small volume (less than 1 cm), grade 1 and 2 DCIS with no necrosis, and a good margin of excision (3mm or more) or those with definitive excision showing no disease have a smaller benefit with RT. After discussing the pros and cons and respecting the patien...