Infectious Disease
Expert guidance on antimicrobial stewardship, emerging infections, and complex infectious disease management.
Recent Discussions
Do you recommend, based on current evidence, avoiding antimotility agents in patients with non-fulminant C. difficile infection who have no evidence of ileus?
I generally avoid their use based on the notions that diarrhea may contribute to the elimination of non-invasive GI pathogens and that impairment of intestinal motility could increase the risk of complications, such as toxic megacolon.The data and recommendations have not progressed beyond the follo...
Do you ever favor cefazolin over ceftriaxone for bacteremia with susceptible E. coli?
We do cefazolin often unless h/o ESBL or complicated infection or procedural history. It is our preferred abx for pyelo or intra-abdominal infection (we add Flagyl for intra-abdominal) and is driven by our local susceptibility data.
How would you manage an early postoperative spinal implant infection when intraoperative cultures while on antibiotics are negative, no frank purulence or other evidence of infection is observed during washout, but there were fascial defects and fluid tracking down to the hardware?
This is quite an interesting spread of responses. I avoid using the term “broad,” as it is not a meaningful concept in infectious diseases. Unfortunately, there are no randomized trials to guide our practice in PSI. The closest comparable evidence is likely from the DATIPO trial, where 12 weeks of t...
What is the interpretation of an IGRA with positive TB wells and negative nil and negative mitogen wells?
We don't see positive controls in most clinical assays. They are run, of course, but hidden from view. The mitogen well is the positive control in the IGRAs. The mitogen used QuantiFERON-TB Gold is, I believe, PHA or phytohemagglutinin. PHA turns on T-cells to indiscriminately. If I remember my mito...
What is your approach to a positive PPD or IGRA in a patient with well-controlled HIV without significant TB risk factors?
I treat all HIV patients with positive screening tests. I consider HIV itself, regardless of CD4 count, to be the highest risk for reactivation disease. I believe there is data showing this risk to be higher even than organ transplant or cancer treatment patients. The problem, of course, is navigati...
Is there any role for administering another course of recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) in a previously vaccinated patient with RA, who is in clinical remission on JAK inhibitor but has had a breakthrough shingles infection?
Dr. @Dr. First Last has provided a very complete and literate response. However, the critical word is “likely”. As with most vaccines, both the strength and the duration of response to the zoster vaccine decline with worsening levels of immunosuppression. We have increasingly adopted the practice of...
What is the interpretation of two IGRAs with negative mitogen wells, in the absence of immunosuppression?
If I understand this case correctly, the patient is actively ill and the patient's doctors are considering tuberculosis as a possible etiology of the patient's illness. In that scenario, IGRAs and PPDs have a limited to no role. Epidemiology, family history, and other possible exposures do. In your ...
Are there instances when you use letermovir without the addition of acyclovir when managing a kidney transplant recipient for CMV prophylaxis?
I am assuming this question is about initial viral prophylaxis after transplant and exposure to induction immunosuppression. We have not used often letermovir as first line CMV prophylaxis outside of a research study, or during valcyte shortages. Cases where one might consider Letermovir as prophyla...
In what situations do you recommend secondary prophylaxis for Nocardia after completion of treatment?
I do not recommend routine secondary prophylaxis after completion of treatment for Nocardia infection. While recurrence can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals (organ transplant patients), outcomes with repeat treatment are generally favorable. More importantly, there is no strong e...
Do you have any concerns about using long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine in obese patients with HIV?
There have been concerns raised about adequate drug levels being maintained in patients with high BMI. One concern is that injections may be deposited in subcutaneous rather than intramuscular tissue. A recent computer modeling study also indicated subtherapeutic drug levels in patients with BMI >40...