Ophthalmology
Expert insights on ocular conditions, surgical techniques, retinal disease, and vision-related management.
Recent Discussions
In cases of congenital ptosis with poor levator function, how do outcomes of frontalis flap suspension compare to silicone rod frontalis sling?
A frontalis flap procedure offers superior cosmesis in that only a lid crease incision is made, and no incisions are made above the brow. However, it does take significant additional operative time to dissect the flap from a single inferior incision. There is the thought that it might be less adjust...
When would you consider discontinuing immunosuppressive treatment in a quiescent uveitis patient without systemic manifestations of inflammation?
I typically monitor patients on immunosuppressive therapy for at least 2 years before considering stopping or weaning off such therapy. There could be exceptions to this, including patients who insist on being taken off their meds (side effects, trying to conceive, etc.), in which case I can try aft...
What is your preferred surgical intervention for children with congenital nystagmus?
Eye-muscle surgery in patients with INS improves their beat-to-beat nystagmus, thus they receive more useful vision per unit time. The common clinical misperception is that eye-muscle surgery only serves to improve "letter" acuity, centralize the INS null position, or reposition the eye(s) in the or...
Which MIGS procedure do you believe provides the most sustainable IOP reduction when performed alongside cataract surgery?
There is no single consensus on this question. There are several MIGS options available in the market, and most glaucoma specialists use only a subset of these options. If you ask five ophthalmologists, you might hear six different answers. I prefer to categorize MIGS into two types: non-filtering a...
What’s your threshold for initiating treatment in patients with optic nerve cupping but normal IOP, normal visual fields, and borderline OCT findings?
My answer relies on the appearance of the OCT findings, the patient's and family history, and the progression over time. A Borderline OCT finding is broad. Patients who have a myopic fundus, or just a displacement of the retinal vessels near the optic nerve, do not worry me, and I choose to wait. If...
How would you approach a patient who is unable to undergo the recommended ophthalmologic examinations during treatment with mirvetuximab soravtansine?
Until more data are available regarding the ocular safety and reviewed by the agency, I follow the recommendations. I feel there is a decent chance real-world experience may change this but officially I follow the recommendations as stated. Having said this, the testing recommended (“Conduct an opht...
What work-up do you recommend for optic nerve edema in a patient who is immunocompromised?
Symptoms (is visual loss present or not?) and time of onset/pace help to direct the workup. For unilateral optic nerve edema with vision loss, optic neuritis and NAION are always high on the differential. In immunocompromised patients, an infectious cause such as herpes zoster, syphilis, TB, and art...
What is your approach to using multifocal or extended depth of focus IOLs in patients with preperimetric glaucoma?
As a glaucoma specialist, my approach may be viewed as more conservative. I completely avoid multifocal lenses in anyone with glaucoma and am very hesitant to recommend EDOF lenses unless there is a compelling argument in favor (patient wants to maximize spectacle independence for distance and inter...
When would you consider using selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for managing uveitic glaucoma?
Definitely not during an active flare. Only if completely quiet for at least 6 months off of steroids, with no history of recurrence. For those with a history of recurrence, needs to be quiet of at least 5 years off of steroids. It is useful to determine whether pressure elevation is a result of tr...
Does using a heads-up display for surgery improve ergonomics and surgical performance compared to a traditional microscope, or does the need to alternate between views reduce its long-term usability?
I prefer to use the heads-up display without alternating between views. In my opinion, switching back and forth can become a crutch, preventing a surgeon from truly mastering heads-up surgery. The only challenge I have encountered is during combined cases with other specialties, where the collaborat...