Which patients with rectal cancer who have not received neoadjuvant treatment do you offer adjuvant radiation to?

In order to answer this question, we may need to step back and first review the indications for radiation treatment in the neoadjuvant setting.

Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation or short course radiation treatment is considered to be part of the standard treatment (recommended by guidelines) for ...

In patients with cT2N0 disease who’ve had a LAR/APR (upfront or post transanal excision for T2) and subsequently upstaged with T3 or greater, N+, or pathologic features consistent with non-optimal surgery (e.g., close radial margin, close proximal/distal margin, or low total LN recovery), the subseq...

The above points are thorough and well referenced. I'll focus on making a case for consideration of adjuvant XRT in some pT2-3N0 R0 or (gasp) even pT1N0 R0 settings:

- pT3N0 - easiest case to be made, as these patients have been traditionally included in practice-defining trials (e.g., CAO/ARO/AIO-9...