In managing non-renal SLE, how do you approach the selection between belimumab and anifrolumab?   

Is there a role for cytokine profiling to assess the involvement of adaptive versus innate immune pathways?

Can genetic testing or epigenetic markers—such as methylation or hypomethylation of interferon-regulated genes—inform treatment decisions?4

Lastly, is there clinical utility in integrating cytokine panels with validated lupus activity markers (e.g., anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith antibodies, complement levels) as part of a precision medicine strategy in routine practice?